Human Resources in Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR in real life - Essay Example rovided by these organizations on their sites and will likewise structure a determination procedure that can be helpful in screening candidates for an expected set of responsibilities posted by one of the two organizations on their site. The Hilton Worldwide site (2014) gives far reaching insights concerning the vocation building openings that they give to those ready to join its group, which works on a worldwide scale for individual and expert development. Further, there is the pursuit of employment motor on the site in which intrigued work searchers can see the vocation openings that are appropriate to them. The Hilton site (2014) additionally offers chances to understudies in colleges that are happy to be a piece of the Hilton family and are likewise ready to dispatch their professions in the neighborliness business. In addition, the Hilton Worldwide site (2014) likewise gives the regions of ability where an individual ready to join the Hilton family can browse when making an application that incorporates call focus, spa and amusement, food and refreshment, deals and showcasing among a rundown of numerous gifts. In conclusion, the Hilton Worldwide site permits work searchers to make ebb and flow profiles on the site, which can help them in accepting data later on about accessible open doors in the organization that count with a vocation seeker’s intrigue. When contrasted with Hilton Worldwide site (2014), Harvester restaurant’s site doesn't give a variety of chances to those that would need to be a piece of their experience since it doesn't work on a worldwide scale. The other territory of ability that is important to this organization is that of culinary experts and kitchen staff in which the eatery gives full time preparing to qualified colleagues. Apprenticeship openings are likewise accessible in which an individual can develop on both individual and expert all together for the organization to profit as far as affecting client experience. Other employment jobs that are accessible as shown on the Harvester website(2014) incorporate

Improving Performance & Effectiveness of your Company

A year prior, the organization has met the best eight supervisors of the organization for an intensive departmental assessment. The gathering yielded extraordinary diagrams of where the organization is, the place it ought to be going, and how it can get where it ought to be. Every office head concocted an arrangement on the most proficient method to add to the vision of the organization, which every division had the option to materialize.A year later and the objectives have been met. Be that as it may, the general condition of the organization remained the equivalent. In the event that it pushed ahead by any stretch of the imagination, the move was close to nothing and unpretentious to influence the organization vigorously.This is the reason the administration has chosen to make an activity plan which will homogenize the departmental plans that were made and now being watched with the goal that the constructive outcomes help the organization in pushing ahead. Assessment OF THE VARIAB LES The underlying assessment made by the administrators is adequate to focus in on office explicit issues and concerns. At first, these issues and worries of the individual workers and the little gathering (divisions) were viewed as the best determinant of the company’s progress meter. From these assessments, the directors distinguished the issues and conceived methods of tackling them.Likewise, they revealed openings that were not utilized previously. Ultimately, activity plans have been made. While the administrators prevailing in their execution of their activity plans, it did little for the organization. The organization stayed stale overall regardless of whether the divisions took off at meeting objectives and misusing openings. Taking care of issues, Meeting objectives One significant part of the procedure was distinguishing the issues in detail by determining those which pesters every office. By investigating the subtleties, the administrators guaranteed constructing a solid establishment for the company.It is additionally by taking a gander at these moment issues that the greater ones are stayed away from. With a superior establishment, an organization is more grounded and little issues make certain to not influence it. The recognizable proof of issues prompted an assessment for thinking of arrangements. This further brought about scheduling a few objectives which will keep the representatives centered. Objectives are significant as it joins all the various exercises that occur out of sight of the organization. The objectives of the organization turned into the rule for the representatives and directors the same. Opened opportunitiesThe assessment likewise empowered the opening of chances which the offices have not recognized previously. By taking a gander at these chances and abusing them, the organization had the option to limit the wastages. The open doors additionally augmented the profitable edge that the organization as of now appreciates . Heterogenous However powerful the departmental activities were, the issue was that the activities were authoritative. Rather than helping the organization all in all, every division strived at accomplishing their own objectives which were preferably explicit for their regions rather over concentrating on the objectives of the organization as a whole.Thus, the positive reaction got upon the activity plan of the supervisors did little to develop the organization. Ends The procedure, proposals, and activities were acceptable, however they were sufficiently bad. The supervisors were powerful on the assignment given to them, yet putting off the attention on the organization and focusing on the territories was an awful decision. Rather, the vision and strategic the organization all in all ought to be a central thought for all activities of all shapes and sizes. With this, each and every inch where the organization develops will be stupendous and obvious. RECOMMENDATIONSIt is worth for t he activities of the directors to be continued. Given that they have been viable in their separate zones, they ought to likewise be presented in different offices in which they may likewise be required; despite the fact that the need probably won't be evident or prompt. To do as such, another gathering with the supervisors ought to be called to arrange. At that point, the administrators will be provoked to share to the gathering the accomplishments of their particular office. From these sharing, the directors will be urged to adjust the activities of another office that are not yet applied in their own area.However, the activities that will be adjusted ought to be fit to the division who is likewise adjusting it. In the mean time, promoting and publicizing should be made accessible too to help deals which is essentially significant for the business. Assessments A year plan of action will be established, after which an assessment will be gained with regards to the ground of the organ ization. On the off chance that the organization improved, the activities will be proceeded and even spread with new ones. If not, another suggestion ought to be looked at.One would assess for issues in the organization as some time rather than by-territory. The directors ought to likewise present new advancements. Worker interest may likewise be empowered later on, where the representatives will be allowed to voice out what they contemplate upgrades that can be made to the organization. Representative government assistance will likewise be thought of. With all the subsequent activities, a central vision will give each activity plan the viability it needs. Consequently, it will likewise give the organization the adequacy it merits.

Lost Battalion

Lost Battalion Lost Battalion, in World War I, popular name given to those American units of the 77th Divisionâ€"six companies of the 1st and 2d battalions of the 308th Infantry, one company of the 307th Infantry, and the platoons of the 306th Machine Gun Battalionâ€"that were cut off by German forces after the launching of an American attack in the Argonne Forest in early Oct., 1918. The Lost Battalion, numbering about 600 men and under the command of Major Charles W. Whittlesey, put up a heroic five-day defense in the Binarville Ravine without food, water, or reserve ammunition. After withstanding several heavy barrages and attacks, the Lost Battalion, which defiantly refused the German demand of surrender, was rescued (Oct. 8, 1918) by American relief troops. Some 400 men of the Lost Battalion perished. See T. M. Johnson and F. Pratt, The Lost Battalion (1938). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Ency clopedia articles on: U.S. History

Free Living in Fitzgerald´s Echoes of the Jazz Age Essay

Fitzgerald does not associate the Jazz Age with jazz music, but he does associate it with free going men and women. Fitzgerald believes that the Jazz Age was a was a time of no care and living life to the fullest. He says â€Å"wherefore eat, drink, drink and be merry, for to-morrow we die†(16). This is showing that the people of the Jazz Age did not care what happened tomorrow as long as they lived today to its fullest. When he says â€Å"that something had to be done with all the nervous energy stored up and unexpended in the War,† (13) he shows why people were so free going. Fitzgerald is saying that people did not know if there was going to be another war or if when they were going to die, so they had to live life today and not wait for†¦show more content†¦When he says â€Å"great filling stations full of money he is talking about how people could get as much credit as they wanted without really worrying about paying it back. People spent a lot of money with no regrets or any worries of paying it back or how much they were actually spending. When Fitzgerald says â€Å"Even when you were broke you didnt worry about money, because it was in such profusion around you†(21), he is saying that even when you were poor you could always find some money to help you out of a tough situation. You could always count on someone helping you because there was so much money around you. It was possible for someone to have a bad job and still live a large life. Someone could use make little to no money but then use credit to live large. They could either could pay with credit or just use someone elses money to have fun and live a fun life. This is what Fitzgerald says that this is one of the reasons for the Great Depression, people couldnt pay off their share of credit. Fitzgerald see the reactions to the events in 1919 as a landmark and a new way of life and thought. When the news of the Harding and the Ohio Gang or Sacco and Vanzetti scandal were released by the news people’s â€Å"idealism flared up†(14). People did not believe that the government was dealing with the situation in the correct way and believed that they could show the government by going against them. The government had made bad decissios in the SaccoShow MoreRelatedF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1894 Words   |  8 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald, this statement could not be truer. In fact, much of Fitzgerald’s most famous work feature plots that closely parallel events from his life (Lathbury 10). For example, his novel This Side of Paradise includes a young man who is rejected by the love of his life on the grounds of his social status. Zelda similarly rejected Fitzgerald for his social status at first. In comparison, it is not surprising that Fitzgerald ’s story The Great Gatsby takes place in the Jazz Age, which heRead MoreAnalysis Of Elizabeth Barrett Browning s Sonnets Of The Portuguese And Scott Fitzgerald s Pros Fiction The Great Gatsby2019 Words   |  9 Pagesof life itself within the framework of love and spirituality. Browning, however writes from the perspective of a woman challenging values of the conventions of the Victorian era. Whilst, Fitzgerald construct’s his text as an indictment on the emerging hedonistic and capitalist creed of 1920’s America – the Jazz Age. As we will move through the texts, the writer’s context will influence their discourses and hence the meaning and significance we derive from each text. Mortality: Both Gatsby and theRead MoreAn Analysis Of Elizabeth Barrett Browning s Sonnets Of The Portuguese And F. Scott Fitzgerald s Pros Fiction2027 Words   |  9 Pagesof life itself within the framework of love and spirituality. Browning, however writes from the perspective of a woman challenging values of the conventions of the Victorian era. Whilst, Fitzgerald construct’s his text as an accusation on the emerging hedonistic and capitalist creed of 1920’s America – the Jazz Age. Each writer’s context will influence our understanding of the discourse and will see the meaning and significance of each text, at the same time showing the connections that are achieved

Money Can Buy Happiness. .Most Of Us Are Familiar With

Money Can Buy Happiness Most of us are familiar with the old adage, â€Å"Money can’t buy happiness,† but few question the validity of the statement and its meaning. The debate: ‘Can money buy you happiness?’ is a spirited debate that has been argued since currency came about. There are those that side with the popular saying and argue that money has no relation to an individual’s happiness. Those in support of the expression, â€Å"money can’t buy happiness,† state the claim that true happiness stems from internal feelings of self-worth, where meaning in life is naturally created by doing good, acting justly, and abiding by purity. Those that dispute the saying and believe the opposite have found a shared commonality in several contributing†¦show more content†¦If it were true, that there is no link between money and happiness, why have economists studied this connection for many years? In fact, in just the past 30 years, studies have shown there is indeed a significant association between money and happiness. Over the course of these studies, it has been determined that people in rich countries are far happier than people in poor countries (Maich 1). The relationship between wealth and happiness has even been described to be, â€Å"more complicated than the romantic entanglements of any Desperate Housewife† (Futrelle 1). It is true that the connection between happiness and money is intricate, however, the link is measurable. Based on a study done by the University of Michigan, it was found that, â€Å"a higher income leads to a greater sense of well-being,† which in turn, contributes to an individual’s happiness greatly (Kurtzleben 1). While the opposition argues there is no apparent link between wealth and happiness, it is clear to see that there is a very real connection between the two. Additionally, wealth and happiness now appear to be far more dependent on one anothe r than we may have previously come to terms with. It is ironic that the opposition, who argue there is no real relationship between wealth and happiness are the very people arguing that, if there is any link between the two, money only contributes to temporary happiness. Both of these arguments can be rebutted swiftly. It has already beenShow MoreRelatedThe Night I Learned That Money Can Not Buy Happiness906 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"That Was the Night I learned that Money can Not Buy Happiness† Ten years ago. One night I meet my friends at a coffee shop which we spend our time there weekly. It was a high-class coffee shop and expensive. Most of people there were rich. My friends are rich, so they do not care about spending their money for anything because their parents will give them more. I am from Middle class family and I collect all my money for the week to spend it with them at the coffee shop in the weekend. When IRead MoreAn Inside Look at Hedonism Essay606 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is hedonism? Maybe most of us do not familiar with this word. Whereas, we could be a hedonist subconsciously. According to Cambridge Advance Learner’s dictionary, hedonism is living and behaving in ways that mean you get as much pleasure out of life as possible, according to the belief that the most important thing in life is to enjoy yourself. We called the people who do hedonism as a hedonist people. Hedonist connotes someone devoted to his own sensual pleasure (spot.colorado.edu). NowadaysRead MoreCan Money Buy Happiness?891 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Can money buy happiness?† has been a cliche question for centuries, and there have been numerous studies and debates on this topic. Yet, no one seems to have a definite answer. In the video Money and Happiness, Michael Norton states explicitly that money does bring people happiness if you spent it on other people rather than on yourself. Although his interesting and novel answer is contrary to people’s natural instinct, it makes me reflect on my past experience of spending on others, and helps meRead MoreThe Price Of Happiness By Carl Richards978 Words   |  4 PagesPrice of Happiness Does the thought of a brand new pair of shoes fill your heart with joy? If so, would you still feel the same about those same shoes ten years from now? Most likely, the answer to the second question is no. That is the point that Carl Richards is trying to make in the article, The Odd Relationship between Money and Happiness. When searching for a topic to write about, I came across this article. I found it on the New York Times website. Richards claim is that money does notRead MoreFinancial Stability Is the Most Important Factor in Ensuring a Happy Marriage1112 Words   |  5 PagesFinancial stability has always been regarded as the most important factor in ensuring a happy marriage. It is the pillar that holds a family together just like how pillars (the foundation) are imperative in preventing buildings from collapsing (good analogy). Without financial stability, marriages often end in divorce. A recent poll by the Jiayuan match-making website has shown that sixty percent of 1000 women are not in for ‘naked marriages’ this means that more women will only decide to tie theRead More Materialism in Todays Society Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagessociety. Materialism has been defined as the theory or doctrine that physical well-being and worldly possessions constitute the greatest good and highest value in life. (Heritage Dictionary, 3rd ed.) This means that we look to possessions to bring us happiness. We then use these possessions to make things and people behave or respond the way we desire. We have become so successful at fabricating and manipulating the world that we have come to believe that altering our surroundings is the way to solveRead MoreGreek Mythology : The Odyssey1099 Words   |  5 Pagesintroduced the ideas of life lessons, and they can also gives us humans in general basis to our common beliefs. Furthermore, Greek mythology helps us get to know ourselves, and it can aid us in the process of seeing how capable was as humans are. The Odyssey is one of the more familiar Greek myth written by Homer in the 12th and 13 century B.C. Homer incorporates key concepts of life in most of his stories, but the Odyssey to be specific, might have had the most impact on the human race. The common influentialRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald785 Words   |  4 Pageswith his spending for gatsby money must grow on trees. â€Å"On week-ends his Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing-brushes and hammers and garden-shears, repairing the ravages of the night before† (Fitzgerald). I can only imagine living life likeRead MoreThe Cult You re By Kalle Lasn1683 Words   |  7 PagesThe phenomenon of consumerism is quiet powerful due to the impact on individu al’s lives. Society has come to the point, happiness is associated with consumption. However, the way consumerism works, is if the items being purchased gives temporary happiness. There individuals are always buying the latest products to remain happy. In the text, â€Å"The Cult you’re in† Kalle Lasn, discusses a cult-like nature of consumer culture on Americans. Lasn uses the work ‘cult’ as a metaphor; he does not mean anRead More Brave New World - A Wake-Up Call for Humanity Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagesin science and technology, and we are becoming more and more socially dependent on it. In the Brave New World, Huxley states that we are moving in the direction of Utopia much more rapidly than anyone had ever anticipated. Its goal is achieving happiness by giving up science, art, religion and other things we cherish in our world. It is an inhumane society controlled by technology where human beings are produced on assembly line. His propheti c elements of human beings being conditioned, the concerns

J.L. Mackie Free Essays

J. L Mackie Introduction Mackie’s argument The proposed solution to be discussed and Mackie’s response to it is the claim that ‘evil is due to human free will’ and as such it cannot be attributed to God. Evil should instead be attributed to the free actions of individuals, the power of which has been endowed upon them by God. We will write a custom essay sample on J.L. Mackie or any similar topic only for you Order Now While it is acknowledged that there exists evil in the world, as a result of some human free will, it is claimed that freedom of will is a more valuable good than any resultant evil. Through God allowing such freedom, He has satisfied His ‘wholly good’ requirement. Creating men who always choose good Mackie’s first criticism of this solution is that if God was omnipotent and he created men so that they would favour choosing good over evil, why did he not create them such that they would always choose good? The obvious response to this claim is that to constrain man’s actions in such a way is to critically undermine freedom of the will; to demand that man always choose one way whether it be in the promotion of good or evil is still to control his will and deprive him of his freedom and autonomy. Paradox of Omnipotence Adequate solution For Mackie, an adequate solution is one that if adopted the initial problem does not arise for you, however the solution may have raised other problems. The only discussed solution that does not hold God responsible for evil in the world is the compatibilist approach to free will. Upon formulating this solution the two major issues are on the interpretation of omnipotence and freedom. Omnipotence has been revealed to be an almost meaningless term by way of the paradoxes that it gives rise to, such as the ability or inability of an omnipotent God to make rules or animals that restrict its own powers. The interpretation discussed and ultimately the proposal that gave rise to a compatibilist approach was that proposed by Mackie and so there is little that he could criticise about this part of the argument. Conclusion Mackie’s argument that God could have made men always choose good undermines the most valuable good which is freedom of the will. His claim that this implies that it must then be a logical necessity for man to choose wrong instead of good is not accurate, for it is sufficient to be a logical possibility for man to choose wrong. On this interpretation freedom is maintained, however the strongest objection arises with the omnipotence paradox. A resolution for this paradox can be reached using Mackie’s dichotomy of omnipotence. The resulting solution maintains God’s omnipotence and man’s free will and while there exist some issues as to the credibility of this interpretation of freedom, as described from a compatibilist perspective, these are ‘other problems’ and as such the solution can be classified as an adequate one. How to cite J.L. Mackie, Papers

Great Expectations By Charles Dickens Analysis Essay Example For Students

Great Expectations By Charles Dickens Analysis Essay The importance of Mrs. Joe in Great Expectations has two major parts: thesignificance of the character, and the symbolism of the character. Thesignificance of Mrs. Joe is to complete the figure of Joe. The symbolism of Mrs. Joe is actually the physical manifestation of Joes fears in combination withhis desire for a commanding father figure. Mrs. Joes reign of terror isobviously necessary for Joes existence. In the beginning of Great Expectations,Joe requires identification as a major character. Without the weakness that Mrs. Joe instills in Joe through her reign of terror, Joe would never develop into amajor character. Joe is identified as a compassionate, sensitive person. Thebest way to display this feature is to have the character appear vulnerable. Mrs. Joe serves as the tyrant for which Joe is made helpless. Joe, unless he isa scared character, does not recognize the friend he has in Pip. Without Joe asa major role in Pips life, Pip also seems very incomplete. Mrs. Joe also servesas the comical interlude of an otherwise somber story. When she hadexhausted a torrent of such inquiries, she threw a candlestick at Joe, burstinto a loud sobbing, got out the dustpan which was always a very bad sign put on her coarse apron, and began cleaning up to a terrible extent. Notsatisfied with a dry cleaning, she took to a pail and scrubbing-brush, andcleaned us out of house and home Truly, a frightening creature coulddestroy a household by cleaning when she gets angry. Mrs. Joe seems to servevery well as a mother to Pip. Besides the age difference and the motherly dutiesof housekeeping for Pip and Joe, the attitude of a scornful mother is alsoapparent. This, of course, draws Joe even closer to Pip, by relation. Mrs. Joeserves as link to mak e it possible that Joe appears to be the father of Pip. Inaddition, Joe, although terrified of Mrs. Joe, is a very honorable man and wouldnever consider divorcing his wife. Through this condition, however, Joe appearsto be even a more honorable man to choose to preserve the sacred marriage ratherthan seek his comfort. It is ironic that Mrs. Joe be referred to as Mrs. Joeconstantly when there doesnt seem too much a part of Joe in her. The mainpurpose it serves is probably to characterize Mrs. Joe as a more masculine, and,therefore, typically more commanding, character. In the tradition of marriage,the wife usually gives up her last name to show that she is propertyof the man, therefore it is especially ironic that she be called Mrs. Joe whenit is clear that Joe, rather, belongs more to her than vice-versa. It is alsoironic that Joe be the one that seems to be stuck in tough situation in hismarriage. Often, in this time, women suffered from the abuse of their husbandsand expected to k eep the marriage together regardless. However, Joe is clearlythe one being abused in this story and he also is the only one decent enough tocare enough about the marriage to try and keep it together by enduring the abuseof Mrs. Joe. Fifth, through love, Joe shows the audience that he is not just avery timid man but a whole-hearted man. It takes a loving man to stay in lovewith such a woman as Mrs. Joe. No kissing ever took place between Joe and Mrs. Joe, and it becomes clear to the reader that the relationship between Joe andMrs. Joe is a very one-way relationship. It would seem that Joecares enough for Mrs. Joe, though Mrs. Joe never once seems to show a bit ofcompassion for him. Illustration of this can be seen in Mrs. Joes numerousderogatory references to being married to a lowly blacksmith.Surely, after Mrs. Joe dies, Joe reflects upon how he was treated and what hewill do differently in the future. With Mrs. Joe gone, a piece of Joes life isagain freed up and can slowly be reclaimed, making him into a stronger person. .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915 , .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915 .postImageUrl , .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915 , .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915:hover , .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915:visited , .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915:active { border:0!important; } .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915:active , .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915 .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue8bd84057de8640654b67de163b0a915:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Ideal City EssayEventually marrying Biddy makes it apparent that Joe is changed, as Biddy seemsmore the feminine, quiet, traditional girl, compared to Mrs. Joe. Mrs. Joerepresents the semi-aristocracy that oppresses Joe and Pip. She continuallythreatens them with bodily harm, pushing Joe and Pip together under a commonoppression. This is also seen in the way she ridicules Pip through Estella andJoe through Pip. Although Mrs. Joe isnt exactly wealthy, she has thearistocratic connections that define her as part of the elite class. A pair ofnurturing parents supposedly fills the home life, however, in this book, thehome serves as sort of a microcosm. The social structure a nd events that takeplace within the house echo all the rest of the events in the book. Thisincludes the theft of the file and food along with Pips first feelings of guilt. Mrs. Joes oppression of her husband and little brother is also very important. Finally, Joe first sought this relationship with such an overbearing characterbecause he has always needed someone to make his decisions. Before, he didntsuffer under abuse, I assume, although he has always been clumsy physically aswell as mentally. Examples of this are his general timidity to confrontation andhis occasional stumbling over items, especially when trying to act in thepresence of Pip when he is a gentleman. Joes speech and use of words illustratehis plainness and accented Pips aristocracy. Decisions never came easily forJoe and hed much rather have someone else make them for him. Being uneducated,it seems as Joe never felt sure that he could make an appropriate decision. Whenasking for Mrs. Joes hand in marriage, it can be assumed that Mrs. Joe dideverything to make the marriage a reality. So, Mrs. Joe essentially created Joeto be the character that he allowed himself to be. With the slow death of Mrs. Joe, Joe reclaimed his life from his earlier insecurity. Mrs. Joes importancein tying Joe to Pip made the relationship between the two significantly morebelievable, and without her, the great expectation of this book would never havebeen met.

ANG PAG-IBIG Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

ANG PAG-IBIG Pag-ibig ay isang pakiramdam na napakahirap ipahiwatig.Hindi mo malaman ang biglang dahilan at pakiramdam kapag napaibig ka.Ano nga ba pakiramdam ng umiibig?Ano ba ang dulot nito sa isang tao?KAYO? Naranasan niyo na bang umibig? Pag-ibig ay isang makahulugang salita.Nararamdaman mo ito ngunit mahirap bigyan kahulugan.Isang pakiramdam na nakakapagpabago ng isang damdamin ng tao.Na siyang dahilan ng iba't-ibang emosyon na bumalot sa iyong pagkatao.Isang emosyong kadalasang nagsasanhi ng kasiyahan mo.At isang emosyong magbibigay sayo ng kahulugan ng buhay. Ang isang taong umiibig ay madalas nakangiti.Kapag kausap siya'y tila bagang nababaliw, lutang ang isip, wari ba'y nasa ibang daigdig.Kapag umibig ka, parang mundo mo'y umiikot sa kanya.Bawat oras o minuto lang nakatuon upang makausap siya.Kinikilig kapag nasasabihan ng "Mahal Kita",At di rin mapigilan ang sariling ibalik ang salitang "Mahal Din Kita".Ang Pag-ibig ay mahirap ipaliwanag, ramdam ang hiya, ramdam ang takot at pangamba, ngunit kapag naranasan at naramdaman mo na,masasabi mong "Pag-ibig ay isang masarap na pakiramdam"nasaksihan ang kasiyahang hinahanap mo,sa hindi inaasaahang pagkakataon, dumating ang takdang panahon.Kaya tulad ko, isa sa mga nakaranas ng tunay na Pag-ibig,nais kong ibahagi sa inyo,isang talumpati na mag hahatid sa inyo ng kaalaman at kahulugan,na ang Pag-ibig ay isang Unibersal na pakiramdam.Bawat isa'y naakaranas at nakakadama. at sigurado ako ngayon, mapapangiti ka na lamang sa mga sinabi ko,madadala ka sa mga salitang isinulat ko.Magmahalan tayo, ibah agi natin ang Pag-big, hindi lamang sa isang taong mahal natin,kundi pagmamahal para sa pangkalahatan.

Hill create a powerfully dramatic sense Essays

Hill create a powerfully dramatic sense Essays Hill create a powerfully dramatic sense Essay Hill create a powerfully dramatic sense Essay How does Hill create a powerfully dramatic sense of fear and tension in the crow extract? Susan Hill uses the crow extract from Im the king of the castle to create a powerful and dramatic sense of fear and tension to portray a number of points. Using examples from the text this essay will explore the relation between Edmund Hooper and the crow, how hill makes Kingship seem vulnerable, the ways Hill uses sentence structure, and the hostility of the world. Susan Hill has chosen very powerful diction to emphasize the crows violent movement and its symbolic nature ND through this she creates a strong sense of anxiousness and fear and draws parallels between Hooper and the crow. The phrase it rose up suddenly, circled overhead, and then dived is used to describe the crows violent movements. The use of the phrase circled overhead hints at the predatory nature of the crow, and suggests that Kingship is the disoriented prey and victim at this instance. It reminds us of Hopers Instinctive knowledge of Shanghais whereabouts at all times, and the crows overhead position Is reminiscent of Hopers desire to be high up, at a vantage mint at all times, ever-watchful. This Is evident In Hopers decision to choose the narrow room with a tall window. Above him, there were only the attics. Furthermore, the crows vantage position may indicate that, to Kingship, it is blocking out the light similar to Hopers malicious character overshadowing all the other problems in his life. The specific use of the diction dive connotes a very violent, vicious action and implies that the crow is a threatening creature attempting to wound Kingship, symbolizing Hopers hurtful and spiteful bullying. The crow possesses all of Hopers heartsickness: hatred, mercilessness, cruelty, persistence, deviousness, territorial obsession, and is an annalistic representation of Hooper. It is especially significant that the chosen bird Is a crow, an animal closely linked with sorcery and evil, and often depicted In myths as capable of conscious thoughts and emotion. This produces an Incredible sense of fear and tension as Hill tells the reader that Hooper will always be there, no matter where Killings goes, It dramatically highlights the Intense fear and frustration of Kingship and creates a sense of despair. It also reshows Hooper following Kingship and how Hooper might strike at Kingship again. Hills use of words and sentence structure intensifies the fear and tension the crow extract. Hill also uses a range of techniques to intensify Shanghais insecurity. This can be shown through the text, The crow dived again, and, as it rose, Kingship felt the tip of its black wing, beating against his face. He gave a sudden, dry sob. Then, his foot caught in one of the ruts and he keeled over, going down straight forwards. This passage is very effective in traumatizing Kingships anxieties because t is very visual, and the reader can see everything that happens in their minds eye. It uses lots of verbs and adverbs rather than adjectives, such as rose, and caught, which help the passage to move swiftly as It Is read. Hills sentence structure further Increases the tension and fear through the use of short sentences with a lot of commas to make teen extract very Taste Ana Intense. I Nils also noels to AAA a to teen Dull- up of the climax, which Susan Hill creates to emphasize the intense fear and frustration Kingship feels. The use of the tractor ruts in this case, is very effective, cause it results in Kingship falling flat on his face. This acts as symbolism, showing how the tractor ruts are like Kingships anxieties and phobias, because they cause his character to break down, and his self confidence to fall, like they cause him to do physically. This also creates a sense of fear and tension as Kingship is completely vulnerable and insecure and he is running away, this foreshadows that something terrible might happen as the world around him is very tough and kingship is extremely delicate. The world that Hill creates produces a massive sense f fear and tension through its hostility. Hill portrays this through the words, rough field, coarse grass and dropped sharply. These word work together to create a sense of fear as everything around Kingship seems to hurt him, and Kingship is completely vulnerable against the harsh hostility of the world. Rough and coarse indicate that the very ground that Kingship steps on hurts him, it emphasizes the fact that Kingship is completely vulnerable and powerless. At the beginning of his walk, great black shadows laid across the entrance of the copse; this foretells the tart of Shanghais hardship at Warning. This hardship is further showcased through the fields that sloped upwards, representi ng an uphill battle, a losing battle. Along his walk he kept stumbling in the ruts that had dried hard . A sense of desolation and negligence is shown through the words dried and hard, denoting Shanghais future distant relationship with his mother. Additionally, the diction struggling connotes the hardships that he will face during his time at Warning. The hostility of the world that Hill creates, produces an enormous sense of fear and tension as it ally emphasizes that Kingship is completely vulnerable and powerless, it creates tension and fear as it foreshadows that Shanghais hardships will never end and that he will forever be powerless and insecure. A multitude of reasons demonstrate crow extract in Im the king of the castle Is striking. The hostility of the world is made apparent through hills use of language and descriptions, like when Hill describes the grass as coarse, it suggests that everywhere Kingship goes, his hardships will never end. The insecure and vulnerable nature of Kingship is exemplified when Kingship alls into the rut face first and make his self confidence fall Just like his fears in his mind. The similarities between Hooper and the crow are illustrated through the thought process of Edmund Hooper and the symbolism of the crow, the infatuation with power, territorial domination and masculinity is highlighted. The overall imagery and techniques used by Hill, which range from a varying sentence structure, to the description of the hostile surrounding world and the foreshadowing of a climactic scene later on in the book, creates a powerfully dramatic sense of tension and fear.

Virigina Henderson Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virigina Henderson - Research Paper Example To facilitate patient care, the paper employs Virginia Henderson’s nursing theory as a profession. The theory of Henderson is significant in nursing profession and it states that nursing is rooted from the needs of human beings (Sitzman and Eichelberger, 2010). This theory is relevant to the personal philosophy of nursing practices because it deals with the role of nursing practice of helping patients to restore or improve their health. The purpose of the research project is to draw one’s attention into the subject of nursing philosophy thoughtfully in order to create awareness of the significance of nursing education. Personal Philosophy The personal philosophy of nursing is to promote the well-being of patients and facilitating patient care; thus improving the quality of life of human beings. The professional values and characteristics that are reflected in the personal philosophy are personal values which should play significant roles in the professionalization of nu rsing with an aim of improving the quality of patients. Therefore, one of the qualities reflected in the personal philosophy is nursing philosophy of superior leadership, which guides one’s actions, behaviors and thoughts; thus, these philosophies are influenced by internal and external forces. One can change who he or she is by simply changing his or her philosophy of leadership with an aim of delivering the best quality of services within the nursing spectrum. The major meta-paradigm concept of nursing as it is incorporated in the personal philosophy involves person, environment, health and nursing practices. First, the concept of the personal philosophy describes a person as an individual and a community who receives health care; thus, their needs should be met. Secondly, it takes into considerations the surrounding environment and this is where the concept emphasizes the need to keep the environment clean and safe in order to improve the health status of human beings. Thi rdly, the concept also focuses the health issues and this is where it emphasizes on the need for maintaining a healthy living through educating the public on the importance of living a healthy life. Lastly, the concept focuses on nursing practices of facilitating a patient care and improving the well-being of patients through proper treatment; thus improving the quality of human beings. Nursing Theorist Nursing care takes varied forms and sometimes it is the function of the nurse to offer proper medication in order to enable the patient to feel physically well. It is also the ability to improve or maintain the health of an individual or perform varied activities that contributes to the health of an individual. For many decades, nurses have made significant efforts of defining nursing; thus from these efforts, varied nursing theories have been developed. One of the nursing theorists is that one which was developed by Virginia Henderson who was also named as Florence Nightingale, the first nursing theorists to note that nursing knowledge is separate and distinctive from therapeutic knowledge (George, 2011). Virginia Henderson’s Nursing theory focused on offering fresh air, proper nutrition, light, maintaining cleanliness in the surrounding environment. In this theory, the domain of nursing describes the subject of nursing profession, concepts, its values and beliefs, as well as, offers the means through which the nurses can promote the health of clients across the spectrum. The maj

Pancreatitis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pancreatitis - Essay Example In serious cases, acute pancreatitis leads to bleeding into glands as well as tissue damage. It leads also not only to cyst formation, but also to infection. Severe pancreatitis has also the potential of harming other essential organs like the heart, kidneys and lungs. According to Digestive Disorders Health Center, â€Å"chronic pancreatitis is long-lasting inflammation of the pancreas† (Digestive Disorders Health Center 1). In most occasions it results from acute pancreatitis. Heavy consumption of alcohol has also been associated with its causation. Damage to the pancreas as a result of heavy consumption of alcohol occasionally leads to no symptoms for many years. However, the victim of heavy consumption of alcohol may develop serious pancreatic symptoms. Symptoms of acute pancreatitis include nausea and vomiting, fever, and increased heart rate. The disease also leads to upper abdominal pain that spreads to the back as well as swollen and tender abdomen. The symptoms of chronic pancreatitis include all symptoms of acute pancreatitis in addition to weight loss as a result of malabsorption and diabetes if the cells involved in producing insulin are destroyed (Buchler 108). Treatment for acute pancreatitis obliges one to spend some days in hospital in order to access intravenous (IV) fluids, medication for relieving pain, and antibiotics. During the healing process, an individual is required not to eat in order to allow the pancreas to rest. Performance of Therapeutic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography aid in the healing of chronic pancreatitis; it enhances the admission of sphincterotomy, gallstone removal, stent placement, and balloon

The Role Of Interactional Modification In Efl

The Role Of Interactional Modification In Efl The interaction hypothesis claims that interactional modification promotes language development through increasing comprehension. Owing to the fact that online interactive exchange offers learners many opportunities to use the target language to negotiate both meaning and form in a social context , this study is an attempt to compare the types and frequency of Interactional Modifications as employed by two groups of intermediate EFL students-one interacting via online communication and the other through regular oral class interaction to explore the potentials of text-based online chat in facilitating the development of question forms in English as a foreign language. To do so, while a total of eighteen paired intermediate EFL students used a synchronous chat program (Yahoo Messenger) over a seven week period to complete a series of communicative tasks outside their classroom time, the members of the comparison group did the same tasks using plain classroom oral interaction. The resul ts show that Iranian EFL learners in computer mediated communication (CMC) environment had over five times as many turns, and used a much greater variety of interactional modifications in comparison to the group in class environment. Data from this study also suggest that interactional modifications during online negotiation facilitate the development of question forms in English as a foreign language. Given that the current study only focused on online interaction among non- native speakers (NNSs), future studies on online negotiation including both NNSs and native speakers (NSs) are still needed. Key terms: Computer-Mediated Communication, Interactional modifications, question forms development Introduction Interaction is the key to second language learning. However one of the greatest challenges faced by the foreign language (FL) education is how to construct an interactive learning environment outside the classroom in which learners can exchange information and communicate ideas in the target language (TL). This challenge as Campbell (2004) truly mentioned is due to the fact that unlike ESL learners who communicate in TL outside of the classroom, the EFL learners re-enter a world talking their mother tongue as soon as they leave the classroom and consequently they dont have any opportunities to interact in TL and are left with little opportunity to use what theyve learned in the classroom. Many a researcher in the area of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) has suggested that text-based Synchronous Computer Mediated Communication (SCMC) is capable of providing an ideal learning environment which may be beneficial to second/foreign language learning. (Beauvois, 1992; Pellettieri, 1999; Chapelle, 2001). Pellettieri (2000) declared a logical relationship and argued that because oral interaction is considered by many to be important for second language development, and because Synchronous [CMC]. . . bears a striking resemblance to oral interaction, it seems logical to assume that language practice through [CMC] will reap some of the same benefits for second language development as practice through oral interaction.(p. ) While many studies investigated the role of oral negotiated interaction in second/foreign language development (Gass, 1997; Long, 1985; Mackay, 1995; Mackey Philp, 1998), the role of online negotiated interaction in facilitating language development has not yet been explored completely. Specifically, as far as the efficacy of SCMC medium in grammatical development is concerned, the previous findings are unsatisfactory and controversial. Moreover little research has yet been conducted into the effect of CMC in the EFL context. This study therefore, explores the role of interactional modifications during text-based SCMC in order to better understand the potential of text-based online chatting to facilitate the development of question formation in English as a foreign language. Literature review Interactional modifications in CMC environment In spite of the fact that a few studies has addressed the issue of interactional modifications in CMC environment (Lee, 2001, 2002; Kotter, 2003; Jepson 2005; Isharyanti, 2008), none of these studies have been conducted in naturalistic setting (e.g. outside of the classroom or language laboratory), thus ignoring the real potential of CMC technology which is beyond any temporal and spatial constraints. Although focusing on different categorization of interactional modifications, all of these studies have shown unanimously that CMC medium is capable of providing a conductive learning environment in which interactional modifications might be generated. Lee (2001, 2002) conducted two similar studies in which she explored the types of interactional modifications employed by Spanish Learners at intermediate level of proficiency. Considering both studies, a total of ten categories of interactional modifications were identified including Comprehension checks; Clarification checks; Confirmation checks; Use of English, Word invention; Request (for help); Use of approximation; Self corrections; Topic shift ,and Use of keyboard symbols as discourse makers. The result showed that request (for help) happened the most frequently followed by clarification checks self- correction and comprehension check (Lee, 2001, p. 238; Lee, 2002, p.280). Through a comparison of the result of her study with the literature on face-to-face communication Lee (2002) argued that the learners negotiated with each other using a variety of modification devices similar to face-to face communication (p. 280). Being one of the first studies in this area, the studies con ducted by Lee were subject to a number of limitations. For example the definitions used in coding categories are somewhat problematic (Thomas Reinders, 2010) since as Kotter (2003) stated there is substantial overlap between the definitions of clarification checks and requests (p. 157). Providing a more coherent classificatory system, the study by Kotter (2003) focused on eight types of interactional modifications including: Confirmation checks; Clarification request; Comprehension checks, Repetitions; Recasts, Overt indications of understanding; Overt indications of agreement; and Overt indications of non-agreement (p. 157). However, in contrast to Lees (2001, 2002) finding, Kotters (2003) study revealed a marked difference between conversational repair in spoken interactions and in the MOO-based exchange (p. 145). He discussed that these differences may due to a number of medium-specific factors (p.163). Jepson (2005) explored the types of repair moves used by NNSs in synchronous text-based chat in comparison to voice-based chat during 10, 5-minute sessions. (5 text-based chat sessions and 5 voice-based chat sessions). Although a number of new interactional modifications ( e.g. Self repetition/Paraphrase, Explicit Correction and Question)were identified, this study is also subject to a number of limitations. There was no information about the proficiency level of participants as this issue may affect the interaction and the interactional modifications generated during the process of negotiation. Furthermore, the duration of the sessions was limited (5 minutes). These two issues may question the external validity of the findings. In a more recent study, Isharyanti (in Marriott Torres, 2008) examined the types and frequency of interactional modifications employed by NNSs during synchronous text- based chat. Focusing on a more varied number of interactional modifications, Isharyantis study confirmed the potential of CMC environment in generating interactional modifications. The data showed that the participants engaged in online negotiation process and in order to understand and to be understood, they used a variety of interactional modifications among which confirmation check (24%) was the most frequent one followed by overt indication of agreement (21%) and clarification request (21%). Nevertheless, to examine the potential of CMC technology as a medium for negotiated interaction, the presence of a control a group (a typical class environment in which learners communicate face-to-face) would be helpful. L2 grammatical development and Text-based computer mediated communication The role of negotiated interaction in L2 development continues to be of great interest to researchers (see Pica, 1987; Gass and Varonis, 1989; Mackey, 1995). However, much of the research on the effect of negotiated interaction and interactional modifications used during negotiation process is based on data from face-to-face interaction in ESL context. Moreover, the few studies that have been conducted in CMC environment are unsatisfactory and controversial. There are three standà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.blue print Sotillo (2000) compared syntactic complexity of 25 learners output produced in synchronous versus asynchronous computer mediated communication (SCMC vs. ACMC). She claimed that because of the fast nature of interaction in SCMC, the participants did not pay any attention to form (accuracy) while negotiating meaning (97). In the meantime, due to the delayed nature of ACMC, this medium was capable of generating more syntactically complex structures. Nevertheless, as Fiori (2005) stated while Sotillo reported that grammatical accuracy may suffer in the SCMC environment, her data revealed that the synchronous groups interactions exhibited fewer errors than the asynchronous groups utterances (p. 569). Further investigation, therefore is needed to better understand the potential of SCMC environment in fostering the grammatical development. In the same vein of research, Lees studies (2001, 2002) admitted that although the participants did engage in negotiation of meaning, negotiation of form rarely happened among them. She argued that due to the rapidity of the interaction occurred in SCMC, participants produced brief utterances using simple sentence structures and ignored linguistic errors (Lee, 2001, p. 239). Thus she concluded that interaction mediated via SCMC technology fostered fluency rather than accuracy. Emphasizing on further studies on the effectiveness of CMC medium for the development of learners interlanguage, Lee (2001) suggested that students need to be advised of the need to write correctly to maintain a balance between function, content, and accuracy (p. 242). Blake (2000) examined the online discourse of 50 Spanish learners at intermediate level of proficiency in term of task type. By considering the potential of CMC environment for eliciting negotiation of meaning, Blake (2000) concluded that carefully crafted tasks stimulate L2 learners to negotiate meaning which. . . . appear to constitute ideal conditions for SLA, with the CMC medium being no exception (p. 133). However, his stand on the effectiveness of CMC medium for grammatical development is uncertain. According to Blake (2000) the predominance of incidental lexical negotiations, in contrast to the paucity of syntactic negotiations, leaves unanswered or unsatisfactorily addressed the issue of grammatical development (p. 120). Therefore, further research is to be conducted in order to declare this issue with certainty. On the contrary, Pellettieri (2000) claimed that bearing a striking resemblance to oral interaction, network based communication (NBC) is capable of facilitating grammatical development. She examined online discourse produced by 20 NNSs during 5 30-minute sessions. As far as the potential of CMC medium in stimulating negotiation of meaning is concerned, the results of her study echoed the findings reported in literature. She observed that, engaging in online negotiation process is as facilitative as it is typical to oral interaction. She also found that the learners seek mutual understanding and try to convey their meaning by using some communicative strategies. Adopting an interactionist perspective, she argued that Because through negotiation, interlocutors can zero in on the exact source of communicative problem they are trying to resolve, and because often at the root of the problem is some aspect of the L2 form, be it lexical, syntactic, or semantic, L2 learners are even more likely to notice the problem and attend to these very aspects of form in their output while negotiating meaning. (p.61) As Pellettieri reasoned, engaging in the process of negotiation of meaning, the interlocutors attention will be drawn on linguistic form and consequently they are able to notice the gap between their interlanguage and the target form. This process focus on form has been claimed necessary for grammatical development (Gass and Varonis, 1994; Schmidt, 1990; Spada Lightbown, 1993 as cited in Pellettieri, 2000). Finally Salaberry (2000) compared the efficacy of two environments: CMC environment versus face-to-face environment in fostering L2 morphosyntactic development. He analyzed the discourse produced by four NNSs qualitatively. The findings revealed that with respect to the use of past-tense verbal morphology across tasks, some initial changes in the development of morphological endings were more evident in the CMC session than in oral session (p. 17). According to Salaberry (2000), the outperforming of CMC environment over face-to-face environment in facilitating morphological development may due to medium-specific characteristic that is CMC provides a learning environment in which the learners attention will be drawn on both form and function (p. 19). Differences in the mixed findings regarding the effect of SCMC medium on the grammatical development may be due to the difference in target items used to measure development. In Sotillos (2000) study, the target feature was Syntactic complexity which was defined by Sotillos (2000) as the ability to produce writing that uses subordination and embedded subordinate clauses (p. 99). Lees (2001, 2002) measure of development was sentence structure (simple sentences versus complex ones) ,while Salaberry (2000) used past tense verbal endings as the target grammatical feature. However, as far as the researchers are aware, there is not a single study to address the effect of CMC environment on the development of grammatical development with regard question forms in English as a foreign language. Therefore, in the light of ongoing discussion as to the role of CMC in foreign language development, the present study was designed to answer the following research questions: Do Iranian EFL learners engage in meaning negotiation process through SCMC? What types and frequency of interactional modifications do Iranian learners employ in CMC environment versus of those in class environment? Is there a the relationship between group membership (Experimental group: CMC environment Vs. Control group: Class environment) and the production and development of question forms in English as a foreign language? Method Following the mixed methods approach, this study adopted both a qualitative perspective to provide an in-depth explanation of the types of interactional modifications and a quantitative view point via a pretest-posttest, delayed posttest design to explore the existing relationships. Participants A total of 36 EFL learners from a Language school in Rasht, Iran participated in the present study. Their Participation in the study was voluntary and involved a commitment of 50 to 60 minutes performing some communicative tasks with their assigned partners for one session per week for 7 weeks outside of the classroom. This study was held during study periods at the language school. All participants were native speakers of Persian who were receiving two 90-minute classes of English instruction weekly. There were 30 female and 6 male students. The age of participants ranged from 14 to 32 years, with an average of 17. To meet local ethics requirements, the participants and their parents consent to contribute to this project was secured through two forms a Contract Form with an explanatory statement according to which the researchers guaranteed that participants would receive some rewards (some English books on DVD) if they accomplished the expected tasks and Parental Consent Form, in P ersian, given to all participants and their parents to be signed. Instrument Yahoo! Messenger Chat Software The software used in this study was the Yahoo! Messenger, a free program available for public use. It allows for real time, synchronous Computer Mediated Communication in Internet chat rooms. Using the text mode, the participants could record all of the written transactions entered in a chat window, which provided the researchers with an instantaneous transcript of all user exchanges. Communication Tasks The tasks used in this study were selected and developed to (a) provide opportunities for the interactional modifications to take place and (b) provide context for the targeted structures to occur. Following Pica, Kanagy Faloduns typology (1993), information gap tasks were used in this study in order to make the participants exchange information and endeavor to gain a single outcome. The selection of the communicative tasks utilized for both treatment and tests-was motivated by previous studies such as Pellettieri, (1999), Blake, (2000) and Cheon (2003). Each task was photocopied and distributed to every participant. Table 1. presents a detailed description of each task. Table 1. Task materials used for test and treatment Task Task instruction given to participants Pretest Missing information Work with your partner. Ask and answer questions to find the missing information. Treatment Complete the drawing Below is a drawing of Richards room. He hasnt had time to put all his things where he wants them. Your partner has a complete drawing of his room. Ask him/her questions where to put all the things. Complete the drawing Below is a drawing of a kitchen. Your partner has the same drawing but with a number of objects. (E.g. glasses, pots, etc.). Ask him/her questions where to put all the things. Spot the differences You both have two similar photographs but taken at a slightly different time. Work with your partner to find as many differences between the two photos as you can. Spot the differences Work with your partner. You both have a drawing of a busy yard where you can see people doing different things. Your drawings are NOT the same. There are 9 differences. Ask and answer questions to find the differences. Posttest Missing information Work with your partner. Ask and answer questions to find the missing information. Delayed Posttest Missing information Work with your partner. Ask and answer questions to find the missing information. Procedures First, the researchers explained the project to the students and expressed the hope that the students would choose to participate. All participation was voluntary, however to encourage the students to take part in the study, the instructor guaranteed that participants would receive a DVD-pack including some English books as a reward. To meet local ethics requirements, through a Contract Form with an explanatory statement and a Parental Consent Form in Persian, the students were asked if they would like to participate in this research project. Afterwards, Participants in experimental group (n=18) were divided by self-selecting into nine pairs and were asked to chat online to do a series of communicative tasks for one session per week for 7 weeks outside of the classroom. The students completed 7 tasks in total over the duration of the study. There were no time limits imposed on tasks. And the students were told that they should send copies of their chat transcripts to the researchers e-mail address for further data analysis. The participants in control group (n=18), solved the same tasks face-to-face in the classroom within the limited time imposed by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Data collection and analysis The data were collected from students weekly online chatting together with the scripts from face-to face conversation. In order to investigate whether Iranian learners engage in meaning negotiation through SCMC technology, the data collected from the written discourse were analyzed based on the typical scheme established by Varonis and Gass (1985). In accordance with Blakes (2000) study, the number of total turns and negotiations was calculated. Accordingly, negotiation routines were identified by means of their four components: trigger, indicator, response and reaction. The example below drawn from this study illustrates the model during lexical negotiation. Student A: Its on the drawer, near the edge of it. [Trigger] Student B: what do you mean by edge? [Indicator] Student A: side or lip. [Response] Student B: ok. Thanks. [Reaction] A ratio of negotiated turns to total turns was calculated in order to make the data comparable with previous studies. Additionally, to identify the type and frequency of interactional modifications, the data were coded based on the thirteen different interactional modifications using the criteria provided in Table 2. Using a selection of interactional modifications from a number of studies on internet chatting (Lee, 2001, 2002; Kotter, 2003; Jepson, 2005), the categorization of interactional modifications in Isharyanti, (n.d.) in Marriott Torres (2008) motivated the categorization system in this study. There were a number of modifications. Three items namely Explicit correction, use of Persian, and question were added to the aforementioned category. In order to establish inter-coder agreement, a trained independent coder recoded a randomly-selected 25% of the data. A Pearson product-moment correlation revealed an inter-rater correlation of .85 (P Table 2. Categories, definition and example of interactional modifications Code Type of IM Definition Example 1 CC Confirmation check A speakers attempt to confirm that he has understood an utterance via the (partial) paraphrase (as opposed to repetition, see below) of this turn, which can simply be answered with Yes or No. Did you mean? 2 CR Clarification request An explicit demand for an elaboration or a reformulation of an idea, which requires a rerun of the troublesome utterance in question. What do you mean by X? 3 C Comprehension check A speakers attempt to prompt another speaker to acknowledge that he has understood a particular utterance. Do you Understand? 4 SR/P Self Repetition The repetition, in isolation, of part of or an entire erroneous or otherwise problematic utterance. Where is the lamp?(*2) 5 SC Self-correction To correct errors made on lexical items or grammatical structure. This has been bee, I mean been. 6 R Recast A form-focused partner-related target-like reformulation of all or part of an incorrect utterance. A: I live Iran. B: Do you really live in Iran? 7 EC Explicit correction You should say X. 8 InU Overt indication of understanding An overt indication that a speaker has understood a particular message. Ok, I got it thanks. 9 InA Over indication of agreement An overt indication that a speaker agrees with what his partner said. Yes, I agree, youre right. 10 InNA Overt indication of non-agreement An overt indication that a speaker does not agree with what his partner said. No, I think choice B is better for him. 11 P Use of Persian To use Persian to substitute words or ideas in English. second tabagheh 12 KS Use of keyboard symbols as discourse markers To signal for uncertainty or to confirm an idea or agreement. à ¢Ã‹Å" º 13 Q Question Interlocutor asks a question in order to prompt the speaker to make a question Can you try that again? Note: Adopted from the categorization of Interactional Modifications described in Isharyanti (in Marriott Torres, 2008). There were a number of modifications to this classification as mentioned before. To answer the third research question-to examine whether there is a relationship between group membership (CMC environment Vs. Classroom environment) and development in question formationall the question forms produced by the participants during online negotiation and face-to-face interactions were collected for detailed study. Question development in this study is understood from two perspectives: (1) accuracy perspective and (2) developmental stage perspective. In analyzing accuracy, because participants took considerably greater time in online chat, and thus their language output in these two modes could have been different, the researchers converted the number of well-formed questions into standardized scores by computing the ratio of each participants number of well-formed questions to the total number of questions he or she produced. These accuracy-based scores were examined for further investigation. In addition to accuracy, the analysis concentrated on developmental stages. All the questions, produced by the participants, were coded in terms of the developmental stage it represented based on categorization of the developmental stages established by Pienemann et al. (1987), shown in Table 3. Accordingly, each students questions were studied individually and assigned to the appropriate stage category in each task. Stage assignment was based on the highest stage from which a participant produced two linguistically unique questions. Question development was operationalized as a stage increase on either posttest or delayed posttest. It was then possible to examine whether the learners had improved over time. Table 3. Examples of Question Forms and Developmental Stages Stage Description of stage Examples 2 SVO? Canonical word order with question intonation. Its a monster? Your car is black? You have a cat? I draw a house here? 3 Fronting: Wh/Do/Q-word Direct questions with main verbs and some form of fronting. Where the cats are? What the cat doing in your picture? Do you have an animal? Does in this picture there is a cat? 4 Pseudo Inversion: Y/N, Cop. In Y/N questions an auxiliary or modal is in sentence initial position. In Wh-questions the copula and the subject change positions. (Y/N) Have you got a dog? (Y/N) Have you drawn the cat? (Cop) Where is the cat in your picture? 5 Do/Aux 2nd Q-word->Aux/modal ->subj (main verb, etc.) Auxiliary verbs and modals are placed in second position to Wh-Qs ( Q-words) and before subject (Applies only in main clauses/direct Qs). Why (Q) have (Aux) you (sub) left home? What do you have? Where does your cat sit? What have you got in your picture? 6 Cancel Inv, Neg Q, Tag Qu Cancel Inv: Wh-Q inversions are not present in relative clauses. Neg Q: A negated form of Do/Aux is placed before the subject. Tag Q: An Aux verb and pronoun are attached to end of main clause. Can Inv) Can you see what the time is? (Can Inv) Can you tell me where the cat is? (Neg Q) Doesnt your cat look black? (Neg Q) Havent you seen a dog? (Tag Q) Its on the wall, isnt it? Note. This table is based on Pienemann and Johnston (1987) and Pienemann, Johnston, and Brindley (1988) as cited in Mackey and Philp (1998). Results and discussion The first research question addresses the engagement of Iranian learners in meaning negotiation through SCMC. As the participants took considerably greater time in online chat, and thus their language output in these two environments was expected to be different, it was necessary to provide an overview of the number of total turns for each environment. Table 4 shows the raw number of turns, negotiations, and relative number of negotiations to total turns for both CMC and Class environments. As shown in Table 4, online environment produced about six times more turns than the class environment (4445 vs. 778). Similarly CMC environment generated more negotiations than the class environment. The relative amount of negotiation in CMC environment (2.15 %) reveals that the learners engaged in negotiated interaction in CMC environment in comparison to class environment (.38 %), although negotiations encompassed a small part of total turns in both environment. This result echoed the findings in Blakes study (2000) that is the total number of negotiations comprises only a small fraction of the overall conversational turns, ranging from .3% to 3.8 % (p. 127). Interestingly, the participants in CMC environment engaged more in negotiation process than class environment. This may due to the absence of paralinguistic and nonverbal information together with sufficient practice time which provide the participants with a learning environment to negotiate meaning. Table 4. Total number of turns and negotiated turns in CMC environment and class environment Negotiations Total turns Negotiations/ Total turns CMC environment 96 4445 2.15 % Class environment 3 778 .38 % The second research question aimed to determine the type and frequency of interactional modifications in CMC environment versus Class environment. With regard to the efficacy of CMC technology in generating interactional modifications, the result of this study supported the findings in literature and admitted the potential of CMC medium in providing a conductive learning environment for Interactional modifications to occur. Synchronous online interaction did provide NNSs many opportunities to negotiate meaning using a variety of interactional modifications. According to Figure1 which presents the percentage of each IMs in both CMC and class environment, the participants engaged in online negotiation employed a much greater variety of interactional modifications in comparison with the face-to-face interaction. In CMC environment 12 types of interactional modifications occurred among which clarification request (25%), Confirmation check (15%), overt indication of understanding (14%), U se of keyboard symbols (12%) and Self Repetition/paraphrase (11%) were the most used interactional modifications for negotiation. However just 3 types of interactional modifications occurred in class environment. Clarification request (78%) occurred most frequently, followed by C

Enviromental Protection Act

Environmental Protection Act 1986 Submitted by:Prachi Soni Rashmi Singh Partho Pritam Sarkar Environmental laws ?Protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country. Department of Environment was established in India in 1980. later became the Ministry of Environment and Forests in ? ? The ? ?This Environmental Protection Act 1986 ?The constitutional provisions are backed by a number of laws – acts, rules, and notifications. EPA (Environment Protection Act), 1986 came into force soon after the Bhopal Gas Tragedy. large number of laws came into existence as the problems began arising, for example, Handling and Management of Hazardous ? ? The ? ? Thereafter List of the environmental legislations ?General ? Forest ? Water ? Air ? and wildlife General ?1986 Act ? 1986 –The Environment (Protection) Rules ? 1989 – The objective of Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules ? 1989 – The Manufacture, Storage, and Import of Hazardous Rules ? 1989 – The Manufacture, Use, Import, Export, and Storage of hazardous Micro-organisms/ Genetically The Environment (Protection) General ?1991 – The Public Liability Insurance Act and Rules and Amendment, 1992 ? 1995 – The National Environmental Tribunal Act ? 1997 – The National Environment Appellate Authority Act ? 1998 – The Biomedical waste (Management and Handling) Rules ? 1999 – The Environment (Siting for Industrial Projects) Rules, 1999 General ?2000 – The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 ? 2000 – The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) ? 001 – The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 ? 2002 – The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) (Amendment) ? 2002 – The Biological Diversity Forest and wildlife ? ? 1927 ? ?1972 ? ?1980 –The Indian Forest Act and Amendment, 1984 – The Wildlife Protection Act, Rules 1973 and Amendment 1991 – The Forest (Conservation) Act and Rules, 1981 Water ?1882 ? ?1897 ? ?1956 ? ?1970 – The Easement Act – The Indian Fisheries Act – The River Boards Act – The Merchant Shipping Act ? Water ?1974 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act ? 1977 – The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act ? 1978 – The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rules ? 1991 – The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification ? Air ?1948 – The Factories Act and Amendment in 1987 ? 1981 – The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act ? 1982 – The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules ? 1982 – The Atomic Energy Act ? 1987 – The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Amendment Act ? 1988 – The Motor Vehicles Act Thank You

On the Waterfront Essay

â€Å"Anybody who sits around and lets it happen and keeps silent about something that knows that happened, shares the guilt.† On the Waterfront demonstrates that evil prospers when good men do nothing. Do you agree? Elia Kazan’s black and white film, On the Waterfront, reveals that unrelenting evil and corruption can overwhelm a community, but there are those who have â€Å"the gift of standing up† in the face of injustice. Terry Malloy, the film’s protagonist, is a seemingly morally weak henchman of Johnny Friendly however he is guided on the path to moral awareness after forming positive relationships. Charley Malloy, Terry’s brother, is a prime example of how power can corrupt can individual, though he is forced to reassess his behaviour when faced with the truth. However, the longshoremen’s failure to act out against Johnny Friendly’s control over the waterfront exemplifies how evil can prevail when there is a lack of action to combat the issue of corruption. Terry Malloy, a former boxer, makes the journey from being a character who is motivated by self-preservation to one who possesses an understanding of greater moral truth. He is initially depicted as a person who lives by the code of â€Å"standing with the right people so you have a little bit of change jinglin’ in your pocket†. Like many of the other longshoremen, he understands the importance of loyalty and adheres to the code of â€Å"D ‘n’ D†. Although he is uncomfortable with the role he played in the murder of Joey Doyle, he is aware of the potential repercussions of defying Johnny Friendly. However, once he starts a relationship with Edie Doyle, his view of â€Å"do it before he does it to you† is challenged. Terry begins to empowers himself with Edie’s principles upon trying on her white glove which emphasizes Terry’s slow transition from moral ambivalence towards a more morally righteous path. Later in the film, Terry we ars Joey’s jacket, a symbol of acting in accordance with the demands of one’s conscience, and vows to testify in the trial against Johnny Friendly. Furthermore, Terry’s mission for justice is illustrated when he says, â€Å"I’m gonna go down there and get my rights† confirms the influence that Edie has had on him. His transformation from being a morally weak character who struggles against his conscience, his triumph in defeating Johnny reveals how that evil can easily be eradicated through the course of action and justice. Charley Malloy presents an example of how the desire for power can inevitably lead to corruption; he manages to achieve redemption through him in releasing Terry and protecting him from the wrath of Johnny Friendly. Due to Charley’s harsh upbringing in the grim environment of the waterfront, he is a person who is motivated by money and seeks out relationships for financial benefits. He encourages Terry not to testify and instead accept a more prestigious job offer in where Terry would not â€Å"have to lift a finger†. However, after Terry blames his brother for taking away his opportunities – â€Å"I coulda been a contender. I coulda been somebody, instead of a bum†¦ it was you, Charley† – Charley is forced to reassess his priorities over the last past few years. He manages to redeem himself when he tells Terry that he would tell Johnny that he will â€Å"tell him that I couldn’t bring you in† as an apology for not â€Å"look[ing ] out† for Terry. Charley is aware of the consequences that his choice will bring and the danger that he is placing himself in, but through his acknowledgement of how he prevented his brother from having the chance to be successful, he achieves the ultimate redemption in where he is crucified for his choice to let Terry go. Charley’s death reinforces the notion that although through corruption and injustice provided Charley with opportunities to make a success out of himself, it is by taking a stand in the face of inequality and redeeming yourself for your past wrongdoing which allows goodness to prevail. Despite Terry and Charley’s stand in the face of injustice, a majority of the workers on the docks exemplify the very notion that profound immorality and wicked deeds will dominate when there is a lack of action taken. Even when Joey is found dead at the hands of Johnny Friendly’s men, a majority of the waterfront workers still continue to submit to the will of Johnny Friendly and his henchmen, including Joey’s own father, Pop. Even Pop Doyle’s son’s death does not dissuade him to stray away from the code of â€Å"deaf and dumb† – instead Pop chooses to bemoan that Joey did not listen to his advice about remaining silent. The arrival of the Waterfront Crime Commission investigating Joey’s death is met with resistance signifying their powerlessness against the corrupt world of the docks. During the  congregation meeting at the church, which comprised of Father Barry and the longshoremen, many of the longshoremen refuse to speak out against the mob, which reveals how fearful they are of standing up for themselves. Father Barry is informed of the code of â€Å"D and D† and that â€Å"no matter how much we hate the torpedoes, we don’t rat†. The silence of the waterfront workers in the face of the crime and corruption infiltrating the longshoremen worker unions display how by through the idleness of the workers unwilling to speak out against injustice, it is easy for depravity and wrongdoing to run rampant when there is silence. The notion that corruption and wrongdoing is rampant when there is inaction from bystanders is reinforced in Elia Kazan’s film, On the Waterfront. However, there are those who have the moral strength to assert their beliefs in the face of injustice, which is evident through the character of Terry. Terry makes the dramatic transformation from being a morally troubled man who lives by a code of self-preservation and is afraid to cause trouble, into a person who embarks on a more morally righteous path, guided by Edie. His brother, Charley, has always seeked out relationships for the comforts and benefits it offers him, thus being a prime example of how power can lead to corruption. However, like Terry, Charley manages to achieve a state of redemption by acknowledging his wrongdoings. Charley and Terry exemplify how although evil is evident in the film, it can be eradicated through the course of action and injustice. However, the inaction of the longshoremen in the face of immora lity and their adherence to the code of deaf and dumb emphasise the very notion that corruption and wrongdoing will always exist, when people stand idly by when something is wrong.

Domestic Abuse And Domestic Violence - 1381 Words

According to data from the National Collision Against Domestic Violence, a woman in the United States is fatally shot by a spouse, ex-spouse, or other romantic partner on average every 14 hours. Despite these statistics, there are still many misconceptions about domestic violence both in California and across the United States. Domestic Violence is Always Physical While physical abuse is one part of domestic violence, physical abuse is only a portion of the problem. The National Domestic Violence s website looks at a variety of abuse types. Threats, including threats of abuse or threatening to take away the children if he or she does not do something also constitutes abuse. Isolating the person from family or friends is another form†¦show more content†¦One in 7 women and 1 in 18 men in the United States have also been victims of stalking by an intimate partner to the point that they were afraid for their safety. While some people may assume the men who experience domestic violence must be in a homosexual relationship, that is not always the case. Women can also be the perpetuator of domestic violence. Along with being in denial, loving their partner, and fearing the repercussions of reporting the abuse or leaving, men may continue to allow the abuse in a heterosexual relationship because they are ashamed. They do not want to feel like they are weak or admit that their wife or girlfriend has abused them. They also often feel like there are less resources for help. It Only Happens Between Couples While domestic violence can involve intimate couples and often does involve intimate couples, it is not limited to just two people who are in a romantic relationship. Domestic violence can happen between married couples or those living together as domestic partners. Those who are divorced or separated from their partner and those who are dating or have dated the person may also be victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence may also happen between people who have had a child together. While all of these examples constitute partners or previous partners, domestic violence can happen between other family members. This may include parents, children, siblings, grandparents, grandchildren, and in-laws. InShow MoreRelatedDomestic Abuse And Domestic Violence Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pages3 million incidents of domestic violence. That means that every nine seconds a women is beaten by her domestic partner† (Findeley). There are many women that stay silent when being abuse by their partners. The consequences of staying quiet when obtaining abuse can be dangerous and can also lead to death. Many women do not recognize the importance of the fact that there is in speaking out if they are being abuse by their partner. No woman should take domestic abuse by their partners. Every womanRead MoreDomestic Abuse And Domestic Violence1446 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Abuse Domestic abuse is tremendous problem around the globe. There are different forms of domestic violence, all of which are not acceptable and in some places in the world domestic violence is legal. In the places where domestic violence is legal, it is only legal to hurt your wife. If a woman tried to hurt her husband, she would be majorly punished. It is defined as a series of abusive acts in any form of a relationship for one person to have control over their partner. The three mostRead MoreDomestic Abuse And Domestic Violence889 Words   |  4 Pages Domestic violence is defined as â€Å"a pattern of behavior which involves violence or other abuse by one person against another in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation† (Domestic Violence , n.d.) Domestic abuse has serious long term consequences, and can affect anyone. Whether you are a man or woman, rich or poor, black or white, domestic abuse still occurs, it is predominately impoverished women who cannot afford a good lawyer and feel they have no way out. These women are scaredRead MoreDomestic Abuse And Domestic Violence965 Words   |  4 PagesI chose to do the domestic survivors subculture I feel as if it was a great topic to focus on its going to reveal a lot of emotion. Domestic violence can happen to anyone. Domestic violence sometimes called battering is against the law. At first glance, it is hard to imagine why a victim of domestic violence would voluntarily remain in the relationship with the abuser. As you may know domestic violence doesnâ₠¬â„¢t always start off as violence it starts off as in the form of love. The abuser feels asRead MoreDomestic Violence And Domestic Abuse1769 Words   |  8 Pagessilently suffer from domestic abuse inflicted by a parent figure. According to the United States Department of Social Justice, domestic violence is a â€Å"pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner.† Even when an abused partner, typically the woman, is removed from the abusive situation, pain does not cease. There are extensive emotional and psychological repercussions from domestic abuse. As the most commonlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Domestic Abuse1340 Words   |  6 Pages1301 Lacina-Taylor 2 December 2014 Stop The Abuse Underreported and underestimated, domestic abuse rips families apart every single day. Domestic violence comes in mainly five different forms, physical, sexual, psychological, emotional, and economic. This violence ruins families, demoralizes the victims, and the public downplays the household terrorism that goes on every day. Generally thought of as taboo, the public belittles and humorizes domestic abuse as a way to deal with it, that avoidance mustRead MoreQuestions On Domestic Abuse And Domestic Violence913 Words   |  4 Pagesinstructor attempting to lecture on the topic of domestic abuse, Gagnà © would suggest that I first need to gain the attention of my students. To do this, I will need to provide a stimulus that grabs their attention. I will show a short YouTube video that shows different men and women’s experiences with domestic violence. The video then will end with domestic violence statistics and what you can do to help someone that you feel might be a vict im of domestic violence. Second, I must inform the learners ofRead MoreDomestic Violence As A Victim Of Domestic Abuse1686 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Although we lost Ellen Pence, a woman who changed how domestic violence is addressed, in 2012, there are many lives that are being saved to this day because of her work. Ellen Pence found her calling in 1977 when she began working for the Minneapolis Housing Authority that helped individuals relocate with housing complications (StarTribune, 2010). It was then that she immersed herself through domestic violence cases and set the standard for addressing these cases. Ellen Pence isRead MoreDomestic Violence and Abuse1942 Words   |  8 PagesDomestic Violence and Abuse Abstract Domestic Violence is one of the most occurring situations found in the United States. This form of violence, also known as spousal abuse, happens within a relationship that is intimate or within a marriage. This particular issue seems to be found to affect women more often than men in varying ways such as injury or even death. Some of the injuries found in domestic violence cases are the head, neck, chest, face, breast, and abdomen, which are the mostRead MoreAbuse and Violence Domestic Violence1550 Words   |  7 PagesMartin  1   Tiffany  Martin   19  November,  2014   Professor  Kelli  Gilbert   Prejudice  Ã‚  Discrimination         Domestic  Violence  Ã‚         Domestic   Violence   Against   Women   is   a   global   issue   reaching   across   national   boundaries   as   well   as   socio ­economic,   cultural,   racial   and   class   distinctions.   It   is   a   problem   without    frontiers.   Not  only   is  the  problem  widely   dispersed   geographically,   but   its   incidence  is   also   extensive,  making  it  a  typical  and  accepted  behavior.  Only  recently