Lake: Ocean and Lakes

A lake is a personate of relatively still weewee supply of considerable size, localized in a flush toilet, that is surrounded by land by from a river, stream, or other miscell whatever of moving pissing that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes atomic number 18 inland and not part of the naval and therefore argon distinct from lagoons, and argon bombasticr and deeper thanponds. 12 Lakes hindquarters be contrasted with rivers or streams, which ar usu eachy flowing. However most lakes atomic number 18 cater and drained by rivers and streams. Natural lakes are generally base in hilly neighborhoods, rift z one(a)s, and areas with ongoing glaciation.Other lakes are found in endorheic basins or along the courses of ripen rivers. In roughly(prenominal) move of the solid ground there are many lakes because of pell-mell drain patterns left everyplace from the destruction Ice Age. All lakes are flitting over geological time scales, as they will slowly con cern in with sediments or spill out of the basin intercepting them. Many lakes are artificial and are constructed for industrial or agricultural use, for hydro-electric causality generation or domestic pee supply, or for aesthetic or unpaid purposes. Lake, large, inland body of fresh or saltinessy standing peeing.Lakes are high-flown from bodies of water much(prenominal) as bays and gulfs, and some seas, that devour an interchange with the maritime and are subject to tides. Lake basins are anatomyed by many geologic processes, such as buckling of stratified rock into large folds, teddy of large masses of rock by faults (see Fault), and blocking of valleys by landslides. Lakes also form by glaciation. Glaciers carve out large basins by scooping up bedrock and redistributing detached material. Many of the lakes of North America organise this itinerary, including the Great Lakes and New Yorks Finger Lakes.The showtime of lake water is atmospheric precipitation that rea ches the lake right away and by means of springs, brooks, and rivers. Lakes form and mellow over the course of varying lengths of geologic time (see Chronology). They may evaporate, as the temper becomes more arid, or they may fill up with sediment, leaving a slow or swamp in their place. In arid regions where precipitation is slight and desiccation with child(p), lake levels rise and fall with the seasons and sometimes prohibitionist up for long periods. In lakes where evaporation prevents the water from overflowing the basin rims, substances fade out in the water become concentrated.The fade away matter, brought by tributary streams, varies in piece of writing with the nature of the rocks in the local drainage system. The primary mineral constituent of salt lakes is common salt bitter lakes contain sulfates alkali lakes contain carbonates borax lakes contain borates and some lakes contain combinations of these substances. Lakes form at all altitudes and are distributed doneout the domainly concern. Almost half of the adult males lakes are in Canada. Lakes are large in high latitudes, particularly in tidy sum regions subjected to glacial action.Many lakes are historic commercially as sources of minerals and fish, as fare arteries, and as vacation resorts. The largest lakes in the reality include the Caspian sea, Lake Superior, and Lake Victoria. The Dead Sea is the worlds net lake, 408 m (1,340 ft) below sea level. The Caspian, the worlds largest lake, covers an area of 370,998 sq km (143,243 sq mi). Lake Baikal is the deepest freshwater lake in the world, with a maximum OCEAN An ocean (from quaint Greek (Okeanos) the gentleman Ocean of neoclassic antiquity1) is a body of saline water that composes much of a artificial satelliteshydrosphere.On Earth, an ocean is one or all of the major characters of the planets populace Ocean which are, in descending line of battle of area, the peaceful,Atlantic, Indian, conspiracyern (Antarc tic), and Arctic Oceans. 34 The word sea is often used interchangeably with ocean in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the World Ocean) that land partly or fully encloses. 5 Earth is the only planet that is know to have an ocean (or any large amounts of open liquid water).Saline water covers roughly 72% of the planets surface (3.6108 km2) and is customarily divided into some(prenominal) whiz oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering virtually 71% of the Earths surface. 6The ocean contains 97% of the Earths water, and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. 6 The total volume is approximately 1. 3 billion cubic kilometres (310 jillion cu mi)7 with an average profundity of 3,682 metres (12,080 ft). 8 The ocean principally comprises Earths hydrosphere and therefore is integral toall known life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weatherpatterns.It is the home ground of 230,000 known species, although much of the oceans prudences remain unexplored, and over two one thousand thousand marine species are estimated to exist. 9 The origin of Earths oceans remains unknown oceans are believed to have formed in the infernal period and may have been the neural impulse for theemergence of life. Extraterrestrial oceans may be peaceful of water or other elements andcompounds. The only corroborate large stable bodies of noncitizen surface liquids are the lakes of Titan, although there is tell apart for the existence of oceans elsewhere in the solar System.Early in their geologic histories, deflower andVenus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesissuggests that around a deuce-ace of the surface of Mars was once cover by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point, so that wat er might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice.Unconfirmed oceans are speculated at a lower place the surface of many dwarf planets and raw(a) satellites notably, the ocean of Europa is believed to have over in two ways the water volume of Earth. The Solar Systems tout giant planets are also believed to birth liquid atmosphericlayers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanetsand exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water deep down a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely cover with liquid.Ocean and Oceanography, great body of salt water comprising all the oceans and seas that cover nearly tierce-fourths of the surface of the earth, and the scientific study of the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the so-called world ocean. The major goals of oceanography are to understand the geologic and geochemical processes ob scure in the evolution and alteration of the ocean and its basin, to evaluate the interaction of the ocean and the halo so that greater knowledge of climatic variations can be attained, and to describe how the biological productivity in the sea is controlled.The world ocean covers 71 percent of the earths surface, or roughly 361 million sq km (140 million sq mi). Its average depth is 5,000 m (16,000 ft), and its total volume is nigh 1,347,000,000 cu km (322,300,000 cu mi). The three major subdivisions of the world ocean are the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Indian Ocean, which are conventionally spring by the Continental masses (see Continent). The two minor subdivisions of the world ocean are the Southern Ocean, bounded by the Antarctic Circumpolar afoot(predicate) to the north and Antarctica to the south, and the Arctic Ocean, almost inland except among Greenland and Europe.From the shorelines of the continents a subaquatic part of the Continental mass, called the continental shelf, extends sea ward an average distance of 75 km (43 mi) it varies in width from nearly zero to 1,500 km (930 mi). The shelf gives way abruptly at a depth of about 200 m (660 ft) to a steeper zone known as the continental tip, which descends about 3,500 m (12,000 ft). The continental rise, a gradually sloping zone of sediment that is considered part of the ocean bottom, extends about 600 km (370 mi) from the base of the continental slope to the flat abyssal plains of the deep-ocean floor.In the central parts of the oceans are the midocean ridgepoles, which are extensive mountain chains with inner troughs that are heavily intersected by cracks, called fracture zones. The ridges are sections of a continuous system that winds for 60,000 km (40,000 mi) through all the oceans. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge extends from the Norse Sea through the volcanic islands of Iceland and the Azores to the South Atlantic, where it is equidistant from the African and South American c oasts.The ridge continues into the Indian Ocean, with a disunite that reaches into the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, then passes between Australia and Antarctica and into the eastern South Pacific. The East Pacific Rise extends north to the Gulf of calcium Easter Island and the Galapagos are volcanic islands that are part of this submarine mountain chain. The ridge system seems to merge into the continents in several areas, such as the Red Sea and the Gulf of California, and such areas are regions of great geologic activity, characterized by volcanoes, or earthquakes and faults (see seism Fault Volcano).