Intro to Jazz Study Guide

What shaped American medicine? * People conglomeration of cultures. The Elements of Popular Music * charitable Progression * Chords that are changing in harmony * Call and Respond * A medicamental comedy invent in which the first and often solo part is answered by a second and often corps de ballet part * Rhythm Four Basic Qualities of Musical Sound * Duration how long or scam * Intensity how loud or soft * Pitch how fast or slow the sound vibrates how lofty or low * Timbre distinctive color of the sound ex. Sax vs.Violin The combination of these four medicinal drugal elements are what help to organize the music. Duration - Rhythm (mixture or long and short get downs) Intensity - dynamics (pp p mp mf f ff) Pitch - Melody and unity * Melody is one note at a time * Harmony is chords where you have notes stacked up in concert notes sounding at the same time Timbre becomes meansation * Tessitura how an instrument sounds in different ranges forward Exam Question Rhythm role developed in America and set the foundation of todays music 1. Chord Instrument 2.Bass Instrument 3. percussion section Instrument Texture How the music is interwoven * Classical and Jazz counterpoint * swing Styles homophonic Counterpoint vs. Homophonic * Counterpoint a contrapuntal texture, 2-3 or more melodies work together to create the rhythmic energy in piece. * Homophonic where the bass line coincides with chords (provides roots) Terms to Know rate urge of the beat (think of a metronome) Surface Rhythms faster rhythms that are emphasized everywhere the basic yard Measure a group of beat out delineated barlines which separate measures.Meter/Time Signature how many beats within a bar (3/4, 4/4) The Basic Rhythms * Quarter-notes * Eighth-notes * Triplets * Sixteenth-notes Evolution of rhythm in Twentieth-Century Pop Music 1920s Foxtrot, two-beat (half-notes) 1930-40s Swing, four-beat (quarter-notes) 1950-60s Rock n Roll (eighth-notes) 1970-80s Latin-Rhythms in pop m usic and disco (sixteenth-notes) 1990s Techno (thirty-second notes) Backbeat- something is struck on beats TWO and FOUR * found grosssly in al nigh all American popular music Melody * The horizontal organization of pitches Involving Shape and Rhythem * flip out based melodies * Repetition or Development Scale * the normal scale technically known as Major Scale * Octave 1-8 * Key * major and minor * Seven chords in a chance on Previous Exam Questions * three most important chords I IV V * Most common progression in jazz II V I American Music Heritage Previous Exam Question * Three Main Sources * The European Heritage (Classical Music) * Anglo-American Folksong (Folk Music) * African Heritage * westerly Music * Carefully crafted melodies * High point/low point in line.Careful text setting * syllabic vs. Melismatic * Syllabic one syllable of text for every note. * Melismatic melody covered several notes for one syllable of text * Harmony sophisticated hierarchy of chords * Ex I ii iii IV V vi 7 * Form teleological form/goal-oriented forms/sectionalized * Ex sonata form, minuet and trio form etc. AABA and ABAB * Westerns favorite forms that had chunks * Notation music of extreme specificity * Created the orchestra establishment of ensemble units, orchestration Neumes * how high or low the melodies are. Two most common forms in Jazz * AABA * ABAB Anglo-American Folk Song * Lots of repetition with no variation * Little harmonised variety * Verse-chorus form African-American Heritage * Percussion plays continuously with a vocal line vocal or spoken over top of the drums * Rhythm and Texture syncopation, complex rhythmic layering, vocals and non-pitched instruments, smooth continuum in the midst of speech and song. * Form stasis not goal-oriented, not sectionalized * Harmony no chord progression, harmonic stasis Call and Repsonse Griot and the Kora African story teller and west African harp Previous Exam Question * Between 1750 and 1843, over 5,000 theater and circus productions included blackface (mockery of the African-American race and culture) turned into musical shoes minstrelsy Stephen Foster * The most famous songwriter of the nineteenth-century American popular music. * Foster composed both minstrel and parlor songs course to Know Arpeggio color of an instrument acoustic principle make it sound different Tempo speed of the beatMeter how many counts per measure Riff short, repeated pattern The Blues * A emotional stateing indicated by the lyrics * A style of various types of inflections bent notes, rough voice, cracked notes etc. * A form 12-bar blues * everlasting(a) noodling/riffs over the blues scale * Blue notes (note not within the major scale * Read/ retell/Rhyme lyrics * Two types of blues * Country Blues * Oldest type of blues * Work songs, evening fun * Urban Blues * Forms and harmonic pacing are much more fixed than the country blues. cyclic Form Blues would loop around the circle of I IV V chords Bessie Smith * In the 1920s massive migration of Afro-American to the north * Empress of Blues * Rough Style * Blues on make up vaudeville troupes W. C. Handy Father of the Blues. First to publish a blues song. St. Louis Blues combine fox-trot beat with blues form Dominate Chords in Jazz * I IV V words/Poetic Form (Read/Repeat/Rhyme) Previous Exam Question * Line 1 (Statement), Line 2 (Repeated), Line 3 (Varied with end-rhyme) Words to Know Pentatonic Scale doesnt always have a sharp 4Blues Form of music. Form relates to lyrics and chord progression. Lyric Form State, Repeat, Rhyme Country Blues secrete in Form Urban Blues 12 Bar Blues Ragtime Syncopation * delicate Rags * Ragtime Songs Marching Music * John Phillip Sousa becomes the greatest conductor and composer of his time for march music. * Woodwinds * Brass * Percussion * Sectionalized form * 16 Bar Strains * The C portion is the Trio and is played in softer dynamics * Two-beat feel low brass playing beats 1 a nd 3 * Cymbals on the backbeat. *